Performances de lactation des truies et de croissance de leurs porcelets pendant les 10 premières semaines de vie quand le sevrage intervient 3 ou 4 semaines après la mise bas

Poster présenté aux 56es JRP.

La truie allaitante a une capacité d’ingestion limitée et la couverture de ses besoins nutritionnels est en partie réalisée par la mobilisation de ses réserves corporelles. Elles peuvent être préservées par un sevrage (SEV) anticipé des porcelets (avant 28 jours d'âge) par dérogation à la Directive UE 2008/120. L'incidence d'un sevrage après 3 ou 4 semaines de lactation (lots notés 3S et 4S) est étudiée sur les performances de lactation des truies et sur celles de leurs porcelets en post-sevrage. Le bilan des aliments consommés par porcelet vivant à 10 semaines (10S) est également calculé.

Impact of a 3- or 4-week lactation on performances of sows and their progeny over their 10 first weeks of life

Two trials (T1 and T2) were performed to quantify impacts of lactation duration on performances of sows and their progeny. In T1, 101 litters were weaned after 4 weeks, and body weight (BW, sows and piglets), backfat thickness (BF, sows) and feed intake (sows) were measured after 3 and 4 weeks. In T2, 48 litters from two batches were weaned at 3 or 4 weeks of age on the same day (3W and 4W, respectively), and piglets were studied up to 69 d of age. The feeding strategy was adapted to the age at weaning, which contributed to the high survival rate after weaning (3W: 96.4 % vs. 4W: 98.8 %, P = 0.08). Extending the lactation by 1 week significantly increased the BW of piglets at weaning (T1: +2.7 kg, T2: +2.1 kg, P < 0.001), but the difference was no longer significant at 69 d of age (25.9 kg on average, P = 0.99). Maternal BF (T1: +1.1 mm, T2: +1.2 mm) and BW (T1: +11 kg, T2: +7 kg) losses were higher for 4W than for 3W (P < 0.001), but mean feed intake did not differ (P = 0.20). The total net energy intake was calculated per piglet alive at 69 d, based on the dietary net energy consumed by lactating sows and weaned piglets and the amount required during the following gestation to recover a similar level of body reserve at farrowing. Although the housing conditions and feeding program yielded a high survival rate of piglets weaned at 3 weeks (1 week earlier than requirements of EU Directive 2008/120), total net energy intake and feeding costs were 3 % and 4% higher, respectively, than those of piglets weaned at 4 weeks.