La base documentaire de l'IFIP

Panagiotis Sakkas et al., Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1er avril 2019, en presse, 28 pages

Locally produced, expeller soybean meal (SBM) may be an important constituent of European broiler diets in the future. In the present trial 4 SBMs were produced from European grown soybeans, using different processing methods; this is the first time that the combination of these methods has been applied. Starter (d0-14) and grower (d15-28) diets were offered to 288 Ross 308 male broilers in a 2&‚01;×&‚01;2 design: 2 processing methods ((Extrusion-pressing (E) vs Flaking-pressing-cooking (F)) x 2 hulling methods ((with hulls (H) vs no hulls (NH)). Variables measured consisted of average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio, apparent ileal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility, jejunal histomorphometry at d14 and d28 and ileal digesta viscosity at d28 of age. In addition, carcass and carcass part yield, organ weight, and empty gastrointestinal tract weight and length per small intestinal segment were assessed at d28. Processing method did not affect any of the variables tested. On the other hand, hull presence increased (P < 0.05) ADFI over the starter period, but not over the grower period. Presence of hulls increased proventriculus, gizzard and jejunum weight, and reduced carcass yield at d28 of age, likely due to the higher fibre content. Method of processing and hulling significantly interacted (P < 0.05) for ADFI and ADG at the end of the starter period, being highest for the E/H treatment, but overall broiler performance was similar between dietary treatments. Similarly, small intestinal architecture and DM and CP digestibility were not affected by dietary treatments at either d14 or d28 post hatch. Although there was some variation in soybean protein solubility and trypsin inhibitors amongst SBM products these factors did not appear to affect any of the measured variables. In conclusion, all 4 methods of production resulted in comparable results in relation to performance variables. Hull removal did not confer a significant advantage, aside from increased carcass yield, possibly due to the adaptive growth of the gizzard and proventriculus.

Ghylène Goudet et al., Animal, 2019, volume 13, n° 4, avril, p. 760-770

Estrus synchronization is important for optimal management of gilt reproduction in pig farms. Hormonal treatments, such as synthetic progestogens, are used on a routine basis, but there is a growing demand for non-hormonal alternative breeding tools. Before puberty, gilts exhibit a ‘waiting period,’ related to the ovarian development and gonadotrophin secretions, during which external stimulations, such as boar exposure, could induce and synchronize first ovulation. Practical non-invasive tools for identification of this period in farms are lacking. During this period, urinary oestrone levels are high, but urine sampling is difficult in group-housed females. The aim of this work was to search for specific biomarkers of the ‘waiting period’ in saliva and urine. In total, nine 144- to 147-day-old Large White gilts were subjected to trans-abdominal ultrasonography three times a week for 5 weeks until puberty detection (week –5 to week –1 before puberty). Urine and saliva samples were collected for oestrone assay to detect the ‘waiting period’ and for metabolome analysis using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect potential biomarkers of the ‘waiting period.’ Gilts were slaughtered 7 days after puberty detection for puberty confirmation. Results were consistent with ultrasonography data for six gilts. Urine and saliva samples from these six gilts were analyzed. Urinary estrone concentration significantly increased 2 weeks before puberty detection. Metabolome analysis of urine samples allowed the identification of 78 spectral bins, among them, 42 low-molecular-weight metabolites were identified. Metabolome analysis of salivary samples allowed the identification of 59 spectral bins, among them, 23 low-molecular-weight metabolites were detected and 17 were identified. No potential biomarker was identified in urinary samples. In saliva, butyrate and 2HOvalerate, 5.79 ppm (putatively uridine), formate, malonate and propionate could be biomarker candidates to ascertain the pre-puberty period in gilt reproduction. These results confirm that non-invasive salivary samples could allow the identification of the physiological status of the gilts and presumably the optimal time for application of the boar effect. This could contribute to synchronize puberty onset and hence to develop non-hormonal breeding tools.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/FA6DFF10CB490FA7F83C89B8F3696779/S1751731118002161a.pdf/salivary_and_urinary_metabolome_analysis_for_prepubertyrelated_biomarkers_identification_in_porcine.pdf

Valérie Courboulay, Réussir Porc-Tech Porc (FRA), 2019, n° 267, avril, p. 19

L’Ifip ouvre des sessions de formation pour permettre aux éleveurs d’utiliser Beep...

Valérie Courboulay, Réussir Porc-Tech Porc (FRA), 2019, n° 267, avril, p. 24-26

L’Ifip a testé l’apport de paille en brins courts sur des caillebotis, couplé à la technique du lisier flottant pour en faciliter l’évacuation.

Anne Hémonic, Réussir Porc-Tech Porc (FRA), 2019, n° 267, avril, p. 36-37

Entre 2010 et 2016, l’usage des antibiotiques a fortement baissé sur les porcs de la naissance à l’abattage. Mais ils a peu évolué sur les truies.

Michel Marcon, Réussir Porc-Tech Porc (FRA), 2019, n° 267, avril, p. 46-47

L’entreprise allemande Ziehl-Abegg a ouvert ses portes à l’Ifip pour comprendre comment ses ventilateurs sont fabriqués, testés et leurs performances validées.

51es Journées de la Recherche Porcine, 5 et 6 février 2019, Paris, p. 243-244, par Marie-José Mercat et al., poster

Poster. 

Peu de races locales porcines ont des programmes de sélection. En plus des généalogies déjà disponibles, mettre en place de tels programmes exige des phénotypes pour définir des objectifs de sélection puis estimer les valeurs génétiques des animaux. Dans le cadre du programme européen TREASURE, une base de données et un site web ont été développés afin de promouvoir la collecte et l’enregistrement de phénotypes et de mieux caractériser les races, viandes et produits.

An online phenotype database: a prerequisite for breeding programs in local pig breeds

Currently, breeding programs exist only for few local pig breeds in Europe. For some of them, no or very few phenotypes are recorded. To promote phenotyping, a dedicated database and a website were developed as part of the TREASURE H2020 project. This is the first step towards implementing breeding programs in European local pig breeds, based on standardised recording of growth, carcass and meat quality traits. First, the required variables were collected for six local breeds: Basque (FR), Bísara (PT), Crna slavonska (HR), Gascon (FR), Krškopolje (SI) and Schwäbisch-Hällisches (DE). In total, 74 variables were identified representing animal herdbook information (10), rearing and growth (22), carcass (22) and meat quality (20) attributes. The database is compatible with the various identifiers (IDs) used in the different countries: animal IDs, breed, farm, etc. codifications. Great attention was paid to describing methods for measuring traits. Thus, each carcass and meat quality phenotype is associated with a method description representing 35 additional variables. The website can be easily translated into several languages: English, Croatian, French, German and Slovenian languages are already available, and other languages can be easily included. Stakeholders of all the breeds studied in TREASURE are free to use these tools. Data can be hosted in a common database or in duplicate partner-specific databases. Once enough data have been recorded, genetic parameters (heritabilities, genetic correlations between traits) can be estimated and selection objectives defined for each local breed.

51es Journées de la Recherche Porcine, 5 et 6 février 2019, Paris, p. 299-300, par Alexandre Poissonnet et al., poster

Poster.

La maîtrise des dépenses de santé, en particulier l’utilisation d’antibiotiques, est un enjeu majeur pour la filière porcine. Maitriser ses dépenses de santé permet d’optimiser les coûts de production et de suivre l’utilisation des antibiotiques afin de diminuer leur contribution à la résistance bactérienne et de préserver l’arsenal thérapeutique existant. La base de données de Gestion Technico-Économique (GTE) permet un suivi indirect et annuel de l’usage des antibiotiques à partir d’un réseau conséquent d’élevages de répartition nationale. Les analyses de l’évolution des dépenses de santé à partir de la base GTE depuis 1999 ont montré une diminution de l’utilisation des traitements curatifs et une augmentation du recours aux vaccins (Corrégé et al., 2012, 2014, 2015). Cette étude propose d’analyser l’évolution des dépenses de santé entre 2006 et 2016 et l’influence de la zone géographique.

Evolution of medication costs from 2006-2016 from the French national technical and economic database

The evolution of expenses for veterinary medication for the last 11 years was analysed in farrow-to-finish (n > 349 farms) and fattening pig farms (n > 101 farms) using the French national technical and economic database (GTE). Total expenses for veterinary medication were divided into four categories: vaccine and livestock management medication (i.e. preventive medication), antibiotic injections, anti-inflammatories and orally administered medication (i.e. curative medication). The evolution of expenses for medication from pig farms inside vs. outside the Brittany region was compared. On farrow‐to‐finish farms, total medication costs decreased from 2006-2016. Curative medication expenses decreased by 38%, but those for preventive medication increased because vaccine expenses increased by 30%. On fattening farms, total expenses for medication and expenses for orally-administered medication, antibiotic injections and anti-inflammatories also decreased. From 2006-2016, expenses for curative medication decreased by 58%. Since 2013, expenses for preventive medication increased by 28%, especially because vaccine expenses increased by 42%. In 2016, farmers of fattening herds spent more on preventive medication than on curative medication. Farmers of farrow-to-finish herds and fattening herds in the Brittany region spent more for preventive and curative medications than those of the same type of herd outside of Brittany. In 2016, differences in expenses for medication on farrow-to-finish farms increased between Brittany and outside Brittany. In contrast, differences in expenses for medication on fattening farms decreased between Brittany and outside Brittany.

51es Journées de la Recherche Porcine, 5 et 6 février 2019, Paris, p. 309-314, par Raphaël Boré et al.

L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’intérêt des performances de reproduction de truies croisées Large White x Landrace pour l’évaluation génomique de la lignée maternelle Large White Français (LW). Les performances de 24 771 truies croisées (103 305 portées) ayant eu une carrière dans un élevage de production entre 2007 et 2017 ont été analysées conjointement avec les performances de 24 377 femelles LW de race pure utilisées sur la même période (69 415 portées). Deux caractères ont été considérés : le nombre de porcelets nés vivants (NbNv) et le nombre de mort-nés (NbMn). Les performances exprimées en race pure et en croisement ont été analysées comme deux caractères différents génétiquement corrélés. Les composantes de la variance de chaque caractère ont été estimées par Gibbs Sampling en remontant cinq générations de pedigree pour construire les matrices de parenté et en intégrant l’information génomique de 1 439 reproducteurs LW. Pour les deux caractères les héritabilités estimées sont faibles en race pure (h²_NbNv=0,12 ± 0,01 et h²_NbMn=0,11 ±0,01%-) et en croisement (h²_NbNv=0,07 ± 0,01 et h²_NbMn=0,06 ± 0,01). Des corrélations génétiques élevées (rg > 0,90) ont été estimées entre la performance exprimée en race pure et en croisement. Ce résultat confirme que le progrès génétique cumulé dans le schéma de sélection de race pure est pour l’essentiel transféré à la truie croisée sur les critères de reproduction. Une étude de validation croisée suggère que l’intégration de cet échantillon de performances en croisement dans l’évaluation génomique de race pure permettrait d’obtenir un gain de fiabilité (CD) modéré des index génomiques des candidats à la sélection. Ce gain de CD d’environ 2 points de pourcentage correspondrait à une augmentation de 10% de la fiabilité actuelle des index.

Interest of crossbred sow performance for the selection of reproduction traits in the purebred Large White maternal line

The objective of this study was to evaluate benefits of use of Large White x Landrace sow reproduction performance for genomic evaluation of the French Large White (LW) dam line. The performances of 24 771 crossbred sows (103 305 litters) used on production farms from 2007-2017 were analysed along with those of 24 377 purebred LW sows used during the same period (69 415 litters). Two traits were considered: the number of live born piglets (NbNv) and the number of stillbirths (NbMn). The purebred and crossbred performances were analysed as two different traits that are genetically correlated. Variance components were estimated for each breed by Gibbs Sampling using five generations of pedigree to construct relationship matrices and integrate the genomic information of 1 439 LW breeding animals. Estimated heritabilities were low for purebred (h²_NbNv= 0.12 ± 0.01 and h²_NbMn=0.11 ± 0.01) and crossbred performances (h²_NbNv= 0.07 ± 0.01 and h²_NbMn=0.06 ± 0.01). For both traits, high genetic correlations (rg > 0.90) were estimated between purebred and crossbred performances. This result confirms that most of the genetic progress cumulated in purebred parental lines should be transferred to the crossbred sows. A cross-validation study suggested that integration of crossbred performances into the purebred genomic evaluation could provide a slight increase in reliability of the genomic indices for selection candidates. This increase in index reliability of approximately 2 points of percentage would correspond to a 10% increase compared to the current reliability of the indices.