Conception d’un module thermorégulé : influence de la température sur les performances zootechniques et environnementales de porcs à l’engraissement

Poster présenté aux 56es JRP.

Il existe un lien fort entre la température ambiante dans les salles et la volatilisation de l’ammoniac dans les bâtiments. De nombreuses publications prouvent qu’une ambiance à 24°C est le meilleur compromis pour obtenir des performances zootechniques correctes (gain moyen quotidien, consommation journalière et indice de consommation). Malgré tout, le Danemark préconise d’appliquer une température d’ambiance de 18°C en engraissement en vue de réduire les émissions d’ammoniac. Pour répondre aux interrogations liées à la gestion de la température ambiante tant en conditions froides que chaudes, l’Ifip a construit deux salles équipées de modules thermorégulés pour conduire des essais sur l’influence de la température sur les performances zootechniques mais aussi environnementales.

Designing a temperature-controlled unit for studying effects of temperature on zootechnical and environmental performances of fattening pigs

As part of an ADEME-funded project to study environmental impacts of lower temperatures on gaseous emissions during pig fattening, a temperature-controlled unit called ClimatoTec was built at the IFIP experimental station in Romillé, France. The unit consists of two rooms, each with a capacity of 20 pigs of 25-118 kg live weight. Each room is divided into two pens, each housing 10 pigs raised on fully concrete slatted floors. The slurry is stored in a pre-pit under the floor throughout the animals' stay. Air is supplied to each room by 0.15 m² ceiling shutters and extracted by a 350 mm fan underneath the slatted floor. Each room is equipped with a reversible heat pump, which can cool or heat depending on the experiment (cold or hot conditions), a water tank and an air heater. The air heater draws outside air through a water battery before the air enters the room’s attic. The battery is fed by the water from the storage tank so that the air in contact with it can cool down or warm up without changing its absolute humidity. The air heater has a fan with a progressive operating mode controlled by the room's regulating unit. The heat pump moves refrigerant fluid in a double circuit, one directed towards the tank and the other towards the device to dissipate or recover heat. To date, the ClimatoTec unit has been used only to create cold conditions, such as ambient temperatures of 16 ± 1°C for pigs of 25-118 kg. Tests under hotter conditions will be conducted soon.